SWAROVSKI BIRDING
COMMUNITY E-BULLETIN
DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN THE NORTH AMERICAN SWAROVSKI BIRDING COMMUNITY
*Information,
communication, and inspiration on birds, wildlife, and nature*
***************
July 2005
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This
E-bulletin is distributed as a joint effort between Swarovski Optik
of North America (SONA) and the National Wildlife Refuge Association
(NWRA). You can access an
archive of past E-bulletins on the NWRA site.
***************
JULY:
GUY BRADLEY CENTENNIAL
It
has not always been easy being "pro-birds."
One
hundred years ago, even after the passage of the Lacey Act (1900)
and, in Florida, the passage of the Act for the Protection of Birds
and Their Nests and Eggs (1901), wading-birds continued to be killed
for their plumes. At that time, Guy Bradley, a former plume-hunter
himself, was hired by the American Ornithologists' Union and the
National Association of Audubon Societies to serve as a bird-warden
in south Florida. He was soon appointed Monroe County game warden
while being paid by the out-of-state organizations.
Bradley
collected vital evidence against illegal hunters and plume-dealers
in Florida, tirelessly watched over rookeries, and arrested a number
of violators. On 8 July 1905, Bradley was killed while attempting
to arrest a well-known plume-hunter and his party that were killing
egrets at Cape Sable. Bradley was only 35; his murderers were never
convicted.
We
thought you might like to be reminded of some of the details of
more difficult times gone by. The Bradley centennial anniversary
this month is a good way to do this.
In
case you didn't already know, in 1988 the National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation established a national Guy Bradley Award to recognize
individuals for achievements in wildlife law enforcement, especially
activities which advance the law enforcement goals and mission of
state and federal fish and wildlife agencies. The award has become
much-coveted award and has helped keep the spirit of Guy Bradley
alive.
At
Flamingo, in what is now Everglades National Park, there is a small
plaque honoring Guy Bradley near the restaurant and gift-shop. You
may have passed it when visiting the Everglades. Be sure to look
for it the next time you are there. There was also a book recently
published on Bradley that describes the period of bird conservation
during which he worked, a volume by Stuart B. McIver, DEATH IN THE
EVERGLADES (University Press of Florida, 2003). You can get more
details on Guy Bradley and the history of the bird protection movement
of his day at: http://everglades.fiu.edu/reclaim/bios/bradley.html
and http://www.keysso.net/aboutso/history/deaths/officerskilled.htm
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RARITY
FOCUS
Eventually,
birders who gain experience and the desire to find more birds will
think about making a pilgrimage to central Michigan to find the
rare Kirtland's Warbler. June is the best time to do that, because
that's when males are on territory in Jack Pine country. (After
1 July, viewing opportunities usually diminish.) Birders will usually
travel to the towns of Grayling or Mio to take a Fish & Wildlife-sponsored
or Forest Service-sponsored tour to see Kirtland's Warblers. Click
here
for details.
Fortunately,
there has been encouraging news from the Michigan pinewoods in the
last month. The Huron National Forest's Kirtland's Warbler census,
run mid-month, resulted in tallying 459 singing males. This is the
highest-ever count on National Forest lands, and it's something
to celebrate. (Other reports from Michigan are still coming in.)
It also seems that almost all these males were located on habitat
developed through forest management. Currently, no wildfire habitat
exists on Huron NF, so something that the Forest Service is doing
for the warblers must be working.
Also,
last month, a small group of dedicated banders and warbler researchers
were attempting to capture banded birds in Michigan to link the
birds to preferred winter habitat based on isotopic signatures from
their diet. Simply stated, bugs the warblers eat in the Bahamas
will leave a biochemical signature on the feathers they grow. On
8 June, the team captured a male in Ogemaw County that was previously
banded in 1996 as an adult. That would make him at least 10 years
old, the oldest Kirtland's warbler ever documented. Four days later,
also in Ogemaw County, another male Kirtland's was captured, this
one originally banded as an adult in 1995, a bird at least 11 years
old! Records are, indeed, meant to be broken. Both males were observed
defending territory, and appeared to be "in great shape." Assuming
an annual round-trip migration of approximately 3,000 miles, these
little birds would have logged at least 30,000 and 33,000 miles,
respectively, during migrations throughout their lives.
At
the same time, Birdlife International has "downlisted" the Kirtland's
Warbler from Vulnerable to Near-threatened. While conservation measures
in Michigan have been effective and research is growing in the Bahamas,
any parallel U.S. downlisting from Endangered to Threatened would
probably be premature. It's very exciting that the Kirtland's Warbler
has been exhibiting recent recovery and has responded to hands-on
management (from pine manipulation to cowbird eradication), but
the species' future is still far from secure. (Reduction of cowbird
control, threatened though current budget demands is, similarly,
a risky proposition.)
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WRONG-WAY
309
Another
rarity of sorts this past month was a Whooping Crane that surprisingly
appeared in Addison County, Vermont, on 9 June. This bird, Number
309, part of the experimental Whooping Crane-re introduction project,
is a female, a bird that otherwise might have been expected to spend
the summer at Necedah National Wildlife Refuge in Wisconsin. Instead,
Number 309 somehow ended up far to the east of her target upon her
return northward flight from Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge
in Florida. (She is part of the flock that is "trained" to fly to
Chassahowitzka and is expected to return 1,228 miles back to Necedah
on her own.)
Number
309, located through the use of a transmitter, spent the rest of
June on private farmland at her new Vermont haunts. If 309 can't
get back to her fellow cranes, the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership
is committed to trapping her and airlifting her back to Wisconsin
to join her brethren.
"She
is an important bird to the program, and if we leave her where she
is we eliminate any chance that this bird will mate," said Joe Duff,
of the Ontario-based Operation Migration. "She's a good wild bird,
certainly independent. The only problem is she happens to be a little
lost."
Click
here for more information
on crane reintroduction, the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership,
and its many partners.
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REFUGE
PHOTO CONTEST LAUNCHED
The
National Wildlife Refuge Association (NWRA) and Swarovski Optik
of North America (SONA) are launching a 2005 Refuge Photo Contest
- a digital photo contest designed to showcase America's national
wildlife refuges.
Images
can be of birds, mammals, insects, fish, other animals, plants,
people, or simply refuge scenery, in short, almost any sight at
a National Wildlife Refuge can be submitted for this contest. The
contest begins in July and ends in December 2005.
The
judges will be Shawn Carey (Migration Productions), Maria Cecil
(principal, Cecil Editorial and former editor of DEFENDERS magazine);
Karen Hollingsworth (professional nature photographer), and Clay
Taylor (Digiscoping expert and Natural Markets Field Coordinator
for Swarovski Optik of North America). Winning entries will be selected
by two rounds of judging. The first round will select up to 200
images to be included in the NWRA Refuge Image Library. The second
round will result in the selection of the top prize winners.
Prizes
will include a number of fine Swarovski products, including a full
digiscoping outfit (telescope with eyepiece, tripod, tripod-head,
and digital camera attachment), a Swarovski 8x30 SLC binocular,
and a Swarovski Extremadura carrying bag. Trek Technologies has
provided their novel TrekPod as a prize, and Houghton Mifflin has
contributed a number of their wonderful field guides. The photographers
for the top 200 images will also each receive a prize NWRA/Swarovski
hat. This is a contest where everyone wins, with all photographers
submitting an entry receiving a complimentary one-year membership
in the National Wildlife Refuge Association (NWRA).
See
the Contest
Pages for more information on the Swarovski and other prizes,
as well as procedures, rules, and other details.
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COCOA:
HOW SUSTAINABLE?
As
previously reported in the E-bulletin, bird enthusiasts have been
supporting shade-grown coffee as bird-compatible habitat for some
time. There has been a parallel conventional wisdom concerning cocoa
(Theobroma cacao) grown under a canopy of native trees. The similarity
may not be perfect, however, as reported from Brazil's Atlantic
forest. (This region is incredibly diverse, with estimates of total
plant diversity running as high as 20,000 species, half of which
are endemic to Brazil. The area is also rich in animal life as well,
with approximately 620 species of birds, 260 species of mammals,
and 260 amphibians, of which about 160 birds, 70 mammals, and 130
amphibians are endemic. Unfortunately, approximately 95 percent
of the Atlantic forest is already gone.) Cocoa farms in this area
have long been thought to represent a system of sustainable agroforestry.
Recent research, however, has suggested that the canopy over cocoa
farms is showing a loss of diversity, with original native trees
dying off and being replaced by various faster-growing trees, including
invasive non-natives such as mimosa (Leucaena leucocephala). One
reason this is happening is that undergrowth is cleared twice a
year, and only the quickest growing species can escape being cut
over during the six-month interim. Exit a source of crucial biodiversity.
Researchers
Samir Rolim and Adriano Chiarello of the Reserva Natural de Vale
do Rio Doce in Linhares, Brazil, emphasize that while this system
is certainly better than deforestation, management practices could
still be adjusted to allow for more biodiversity. For one, the cocoa
farmers could clear the smaller non-native trees and let the native
saplings flourish to replace an ageing canopy. This reminds us of
one of the lessons we've already learned in the propagation of coffee:
all shade is not equal.
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SAGE-GROUSE
AND WEST NILE
We
again visit the beleaguered sage-grouse scene, now with warnings
about West Nile Virus.
Over
the past few years, Greater Sage-Grouse have been found infected
with West Nile Virus at a number of locations, including Wyoming,
Montana, and Alberta. Ongoing studies have suggested that the species
is highly susceptible to the disease. None has shown neutralizing
antibodies, intimating that most sage-grouse do not survive WNV.
Indeed, researchers have yet to find a Greater Sage-Grouse that
has survived infection by WNV, a grave situation for a species already
facing diminishing habitat.
Even
the smallest doses of the virus have killed sage-grouse during experimentation.
There is also evidence that WNV, usually spread by mosquitoes, can
spread directly between sage-grouse.
A 2003
study found that sage-grouse survival had fallen by an average of
25 percent in two locations in the Wyoming portion of the Powder
River Basin, as well as at another site in Wyoming and one in Alberta.
Studies
are ongoing.
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WIND
ENERGY: A WAY OUT?
It's
hard to read about bird conservation these days without running
into references to wind-energy. Indeed, the 2005 theme for IMBD
this year (officially recognized on 14 May 2005) was "Collisions:
Clear the Way for Birds."
Varied
modern technological advances such as wind-turbines, cell-towers,
and tall glass-dominated buildings, all present obstacles to birds
and contribute to loss of bird life. Recent and growing wind farm
proposals, such as that near Horicon National Wildlife Refuge, only
serve to accentuate the significance of the issue.
Two
major areas of concern in the area of wind energy have preoccupied
bird conservationists: placement and on-site research. The placement
of the wind-power units is, of course, crucial, both from the perspective
of wind direction/strength and from the perspective of affected
birds. Indeed, differences in location can influence different suites
of bird species in different ways (e.g., grassland grouse, nocturnal
Neotropical migrants, raptors, and seaducks). The demands for continued
research are as common and as justified as the debate over the placement
of the units themselves.
There
are two other areas, however, that rightfully deserve almost as
much concentration as the issues of placement and on-site research.
These are economic disincentives and actual unit design. Without
going into detail (our newsletter format doesn't allow for that),
let us lightly touch on these two points.
First,
in the area of economic incentives, wind energy developers have
engaged in costly studies on land and wildlife impacts from site
to site. The studies vary in terms of scope, design, and utility.
However, most are not peer-reviewed, and few have been made available
to the public. Consequently, the studies are especially vulnerable
to attack by opponents of wind energy projects.
At
the same time, the many costs - including those for studying possible
wildlife impact - are not recouped UNLESS the projects are built
and the units put on line. Therefore, the cost of wildlife studies
can function as a major disincentive to abandon a site. The more
the developer spends on the preparations, the more the developer
is committed to the project. If, however, there was a way to ensure
that properly-designed, peer-reviewed research took place and could
be made publicly available, thus removing the financial disincentive
to developers to abandon a potential project site, there could be
a benefit to all parties. In short, there could be a public fund
to pay for researching wildlife impact, and IF a project were built,
the developer would then reimburse the fund. This would remove at
least part of the developer commitment to the project. (The basics
of this concept originated with Ellen Paul, Executive Director of
the Ornithological Council, and Kevin Rackstraw, eastern North American
regional director for Clipper Windpower.)
Second,
in the field of unit design, we see most bird enthusiasts stuck
with a critical examination of the propeller-image of wind-power,
with roots in the classic Dutch windmill and the Great Plains wind-powered
water pump. This begs the question: Are there other, more bird-compatible
designs that are, or could be, available?
It
is possible that traditional horizontal-axis wind-turbine technology
will peak in the next few years, largely due to the limits of blade
size and their effects on the whole machine. Centrifugal force,
torque, and unit fatigue are all involved.
There
are potential alternative vertical-axis designs, helical or spiral-formed
vanes, and other omni-directional and efficient units that have
real promise. Why stick with the "old" technology, when other options
might be better for the birds?
Rather
than simply saying "No," perhaps bird enthusiasts should be spending
more energy looking for ways to say "Yes," helping a potentially
"green" wind-power industry to deliver clean and increasingly bird-compatible
non-fossil-fuel-burning energy.
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LWCF:
WHEN IS A 49-PERCENT CUT SIMPLY NOT ENOUGH?
In
May, we focused on the stateside section of the Land and Water Conservation
Fund (LWCF). The LWCF is a forty-year-old land-acquisition vehicle
originally intended to use offshore gas and oil revenue coming into
the U.S. Treasury to secure federal, state, and local lands for
conservation and recreation. The LWCF is the nation's primary source
of money to acquire land. Some fabulous bird and birding habitat
over the years have been obtained through the LWCF mechanism.
Earlier
this year, however, the Bush administration asked Congress to cut
spending from the LWCF by 49 percent in fiscal year (FY) 2006, which
begins 1 October. Most of the proposed cut would result from terminating
virtually the entire stateside portion of LWCF (as described in
May's E-bulletin), even though some administrative funding would
remain.
Still,
the federal-side was to be spared the executioner's axe, with, for
example, the Administration suggesting that the refuge system's
portion of LWCF run up to $41 million, actually a $4-million increase
over 2005. Coincidentally, even before the announcement of the Ivory-billed
Woodpecker discovery in late April, the vital Cache River National
Wildlife Refuge was slated to receive an additional $809,000 (for
500 acres) from this LWCF funding, as recommended by the President's
budget for FY 2006.
So,
despite the Administration's suggested 49-percent cut, some core
expenditures were preserved, something that should provide minor
relief.
Not
so fast!
Enter
the House Appropriations Committee, not satisfied with this 49 percent
reduction. The committee majority recommended an 83 percent cut
on 9 May. That's right. Why cut a mere 49 percent when you can cut
83 percent? The only funding left intact was $43.1 million for both
federal and stateside operating costs, wrap-up of ongoing projects,
and administrative expenses. Not a dime for new acquisition.
Stateside
and federal-side LWCF was in tatters, and along with it $809,000
worth of Ivory-billed Woodpecker habitat in Arkansas. The House
committee decision, by the way, was made 11 days after the glorious
announcement of the woodpecker's re-discovery. Ten days after that,
the House of Representatives as a whole approved the committee's
grim decision.
In
the first week of June, the Senate had its turn at the chopping
block. The good news is that the Senate Appropriations Committee
recommended $162 million for Federal LWCF and $30 million for stateside
LWCF. This was confirmed by the whole Senate on 29 June. The bad
news is that the total $192 million was still $66 million less than
last year's total LWCF. That's a 26 percent cut.
Although
the expenditure of $809,000 for Cache River NWR was put back in
the Senate bill, the differences between House and Senate still
remain to be reconciled in conference.
Meanwhile,
on the Ivory-bill scene, the Administration has pledged $10 million
for woodpecker habitat and conservation work. One wonders where
this $10 million will actually come from. The Refuge System budget
is already strapped; the Endangered Species budget is cut to the
bone, and the usual modest amount of money raised by the Migratory
Bird [Duck] Stamp can only go so far. Worst of all, the LWCF, as
we have seen, is not particularly favored by Congress.
If
the House and Senate "split the difference" in conference (a possibility,
since that's happened before), then the combined LWCF could be $117.6
million, or a 54 percent cut from FY 05. And that's still $12 million
less than the President recommended for FY06.
So,
IF the two houses split the difference on LWCF, we'll end this roller-coaster
ride from a start of a 49 percent overall cut recommended by the
Administration to an end of a 54 percent cut. No matter what happens,
these are not happy times for this aspect of LWCF and for bird conservation.
(We
thank colleagues at The Wilderness Society for helping clarify some
of the confusion over the recent LWCF numbers.)
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SNEAK
ATTACK ON WILDERNESS?
We
didn't notice the news in time for the June E-bulletin, but that's
probably because the substance was deeply buried in four paragraphs
within the 96-page emergency military spending bill signed by President
Bush in May.
The
four paragraphs in question, written by Sen. Thad Cochran (R-MS),
would secure the state of Mississippi's claim for natural gas under
the Gulf Islands National Seashore. The National Seashore is a network
of islands from the Mississippi coast to Florida; two of the five
Mississippi islands are designated Wilderness area, ostensibly the
highest form of protection.
Gulf
Islands National Seashore is known as a fine birding location, currently
hosting such breeders as Brown Pelican, a number of egrets and herons,
Wilson's and Piping Plovers, Royal and Least Terns, and Black Skimmer.
A full checklist can be found here.
The
military spending legislation was actually preceded last year by
a state bill signed by Mississippi Governor, Haley Barbour (former
head of the Republican National Committee) allowing oil and gas
leases in state waters surrounding the islands. The governor also
signed legislation shifting drilling authority from the state's
environmental quality agency to the Mississippi Development Authority,
an economic agency with no regulatory power over the environment.
The
federal military spending bill will mark the first time the federal
government has allowed seismic exploration on National Park property,
although energy exploration has been allowed on rare occasions on
other Park properties over the last decade. Recently, long-standing
policies aimed at sheltering these lands from the ill effects of
oil and gas exploration originating outside park borders have been
whittled away.
One
can only wonder: What's next?
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ALASKA:
FREE STREAMERS KEEP AWAY SEABIRDS
Beginning
last year, and now extending to this fishing season, most fishing-vessels
in Alaska are being required to use streamer-lines and other avoidance
devices to keep seabirds away from longline fishing gear. The seabirds
will otherwise attack baited hooks and get dragged beneath the water
to die. Four types of avoidance devices were developed through collaboration
between the USFWS, Alaska Sea Grant, the Pacific States Marine Fisheries
Commission and fishermen. The devices were made available for free.
In
the recent past, tens of thousands of seabirds were killed annually
in the Alaska longline fishery alone. These birds included albatrosses
(e.g. Laysan and Black-footed), Northern Fulmar, and shearwaters
(e.g. Sooty and Short-tailed). The problem is an industry-wide and
global issue, with numerous unresolved concerns, especially with
industrial-type longline fishing expansion, and fishing lines which
may extend for 60 miles.
Research
has indicated that the use of streamer-lines is very effective at
keeping seabirds away from the baited hooks. It is particularly
important for fishermen in Alaska waters to keep a safe distance
from the endangered Short-tailed Albatross, a rare species that
has recently been recovering and appearing in Alaska waters. (From
a population low of approximately a dozen, almost 2,000 of these
albatrosses now wander the North Pacific.) The destruction of just
a few of these birds could literally shut down fisheries. (No more
than four Short-tailed Albatrosses can be taken by longliners over
a two-year period, and no more than two by trawl fisheries.)
Research
conducted through the University of Washington Sea Grant Program
has shown that streamer-lines, when properly deployed, can reduce
seabird bycatch in longline operations by almost 100 percent. This
action creates a bird-free corridor in which baited longline hooks
can sink, thus reducing seabird mortality.
More
information and additional
reports from the American Bird Conservancy.
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CATS
INDOORS POSTER WINNERS
Winners
of the 2005 National Keep Your Cat Indoors Day children's poster
competition were announced last month. Both the Minnesota Department
of Natural Resources Nongame Wildlife Program and the Kentucky Department
of Fish and Wildlife Resources sponsored state-wide poster competitions
again this year.
Supporters
around around the country also sponsored other activities to publicize
the day. Highlights included multiple local competitions and news
articles.
View
the winning
posters.
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NAWMP
STRATEGIC GUIDANCE
The
North American Waterfowl Management (NAWMP), the pioneer "bird plan"
launched in 1986, has concluded its first 15 year's of practice.
The NAWMP introduced an enviable model of public-private partnerships
in bird conservation. An assessment of the first 15 years of experience
(1986-2004) is now available. All serious bird enthusiasts would
do well to become familiar with the approach, the objectives, the
achievements, and the limitations of the waterfowl model. You could
start with the "Strategic
Guidance" document for NAWMP just recently released.
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CBBT
ACCESS RESOLVED FOR THE PRESENT
In
the April 2005 issue of the E-bulletin, we wrote of the controversy
over continued birder access to the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel
(CBBT). With continuing security concerns, the bridge commission
was considering closing all access to birders. "Everybody knows
that post-9/11, we can't do anything like we did before," said Clement
M. Pruitt, head of the bridge's police force.
That
could have been the end of it, but birders started negotiating and
devising a way to continue access under new circumstances. Birders
started collecting information, examining options, and started to
push back.
On
14 June, the commission voted on a compromise negotiated with the
bridge's executive director and head of security. Under the plan,
scientists and researchers would be allowed to go on the bridge-islands
once they get a pass (fee: $50) that could be renewed annually.
Amateur birders would have to submit to a security check several
weeks in advance and pay $50 an hour for a police escort.
No
one will be especially pleased with the compromise - police or birders
- but the birders developed a very good working relationship with
the folks at the CBBT. In six months, the commission will reevaluate
the plan.
Ned
Brinkley, who organized much of the birder alternatives, regrets
that he could not convince anyone of the merits of training birders
to be on the lookout for potential terrorists, something more substantial
than a "community watch" but certainly less than a trained elite
force of counter-terrorists.
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BUY
YOUR MIGRATORY BIRD STAMP NOW
The
2005-2006 Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp, commonly
known as the "Duck Stamp," goes on sale this month. It costs $15.
Since
the 1930s, more than $700 million has been raised from stamp sales,
with the funding used to secure more than 5.2 million acres of valuable
wetland habitat for the Refuge System. Approximately $25 million
a year is currently collected through annual stamp sales.
For
those birders with visions of Ivory-billed Woodpeckers glistening
in their eyes, it's additionally significant to realize that millions
of dollars of stamp revenue have already gone to Cache River and
White River National Wildlife Refuges. Surely, more will continue
to go to those two refuges. What better way to support this kind
of bird conservation?
In
addition, the stamp is a bargain, since approximately 98 percent
of the revenue from the stamp go through the Migratory Bird Conservation
Fund to purchase refuge wetlands. Importantly for frugal birders,
the stamp can be used between July of this year through June of
2006 to gain admission to any National Wildlife Refuge in the country
that charges an entry fee.
Our
suggestion: don't just buy it, display it afield!
For
general information on the stamp program and for details on this
year's current stamp see: http://duckstamps.fws.gov/Info/Stamps/stampinfo.htm
and http://duckstamps.fws.gov/.
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PALE
MALE UPDATE
If
you haven't followed the NYC events since the December tumult, Pale
Male and Lola have failed to produce chicks in their newly constructed
nest on Fifth Avenue at West 74th Street. But, out of left field,
there's an unexpectedly upbeat sequel. A Red-tailed Hawk that so
closely resembles Pale Male that he is believed to be an offspring
- Pale Male Jr. as he has been called-- has succeeded where the
closely watched 5th Avenue pair had no young.
Pale
Male Jr. and his mate, who has been dubbed Charlotte, are nesting
on a corbel, a large concrete architectural ornament, sticking out
of the 35th floor of the Trump Parc Hotel, and have produced two
young. Both young birds hatched early in June.
And,
when it appeared that all was grim for Pale Male and Lola, and in
a surprising turn of events, they have mated again. No one knows
what the outcome from this occurrence will be.
In
the meantime, an article in the July issue of VANITY FAIR "Ruffled
Feathers on Fifth Avenue" by Frank DiGiacomo (pg 106-118) is devoted
to the Pale Male and Lola saga.
Details
can usually be found on these two sites: http://mariewin.server304.com/marieblog/
and http://www.palemale.com/.
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This
E-bulletin is distributed as a joint effort between Swarovski Optik
of North America (SONA) and the National Wildlife Refuge Association
(NWRA). You can access an archive
of past E-bulletins on the NWRA site.
You
can also get other excellent bird-oriented "All about birds" information
through an Internet project between Swarovski and the Cornell Lab
of Ornithology here: http://www.allaboutbirds.org/
If
you wish to distribute all or parts of any of the E-bulletins, we
request that you mention the source of any material used. (Include
the URL for the E-Bulletin archive if possible). Most importantly
if you have any friends who want to get onto the E-bulletin mailing
list have them contact either:
Wayne Petersen 781/293-9730, wayne.petersen@swarovskibirding.com
OR Paul Baicich 410/992-9736, paul.baicich@swarovskibirding.com
If
you DON'T wish to receive these E-bulletins, contact either of us,
and we will take you off our mailing list IMMEDIATELY.
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